Punishment for an Apostate in Islam

Unfortunately, the topic of the punishment for an apostate seems to come up all the time, and many Muslims have become apologetic to this issue. I felt a need to make a blog post about the Punishment for an Apostate in Islaam. All of these aHaadeeth are taken from Shee`ah books, so this will give you an insight into what is the REAL Shee`ah viewpoint of an Apostate. Majority of the aHaadeeth are taken from Al-Kaafi, vol. 7, Kitaab Hudood (Book of Punishments) from the chapter titles بَابُ حَدِّ الْمُرْتَدِّ (Chapter on the Punishment of an Apostate).

I have presented only SaHeeH (Authentic), Hasan (Good), and Muwaththaq (Reliable) hadeeth regarding this issue.

Punishment for a Male Apostate

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمُرْتَدِّ فَقَالَ مَنْ رَغِبَ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ كَفَرَ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ص بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ فَلَا تَوْبَةَ لَهُ وَ قَدْ وَجَبَ قَتْلُهُ وَ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ يُقْسَمُ مَا تَرَكَ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ

From Muhammad bin Muslim said: That I said Abaa Ja`far (عليه السلام) about the apostate (murtad). So he (عليه السلام) said: “Whoever turns away from Islaam, and disbelieves in what Allaah has revealed to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) after being a Muslim, there is no repentance for him, and it is waajib (obligatory) to kill him, and his wife becomes a stranger to him, and his legacy be divided among his children.”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 7, pg. 256, hadeeth # 1

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Hasan Kal-SaHeeH (Good like an Authentic (hadeeth))
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 23, pg. 396

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَمْرَكِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ النَّيْسَابُورِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ تَنَصَّرَ قَالَ يُقْتَلُ وَ لَا يُسْتَتَابُ قُلْتُ فَنَصْرَانِيٌّ أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ قَالَ يُسْتَتَابُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ وَ إِلَّا قُتِلَ

From `Alee bin Ja`far from his brother Abee Al-Hasan (عليه السلام) said: I asked him (عليه السلام) about a Muslim who becomes a Christian. He (عليه السلام) said: “He (should be) killed, and no repentance from him” I said: “What about a Christian who becomes Muslim then Apostates from Islaam?” He (عليه السلام) said: “He is asked to repent. And if he returns (to Islaam that is okay), or otherwise he is killed”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 7, pg. 257, hadeeth # 10

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Muwaththaq (Reliable)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 23, pg. 400

Regarding this hadeeth, I do not understand why Al-Majlisi has graded this as Muwaththaq (Reliable), all of the narrators are said to be thiqaat (pl. thiqah) and a 12’er Shee`ah. So this hadeeth should be classed as SaHeeH (Authentic).

Punishment for a Female Apostate:

  وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع قَالَ إِذَا ارْتَدَّتِ الْمَرْأَةُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ لَمْ تُقْتَلْ وَ لَكِنْ تُحْبَسُ أَبَداً

From Ghiyaath bin Ibraaheem from Ja`far bin Muhammad (عليه السلام) from his father (عليه السلام) That `Alee (عليه السلام) said: “When a woman apostates from Islaam, she is not killed, but she is imprisoned forever!”

Source:

1.     Al-Sadooq, Man Laa YaHDuruh Al-Faqeeh, vol. 3, Baab Al-Irtidaad, pg. 150, hadeeth # 3549

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi I (Al-Majlisi's Father) said this hadeeth is Muwaththaq Kal-SaHeeH (Reliable like a SaHeeH)
à RawDah Al-Muttaqqeen, vol. 6, pg. 386

This hadeeth is actually graded as SaHeeH since the narrator Ghiyaath bin Ibraaheem is thiqah (trustworthy) and 12’er Shee`ah, and all the narrators in the tareeq (path) to Ghiyaath are thiqaaat (pl. thiqah) and 12’er Shee`ah. Al-Khoei says the tareeq of Al-Sadooq to Ghiyaath bin Ibraaheem is SaHeeH (See: Al-Khoei, Mu’jam Rijaal Al-Hadeeth, vol. 13, pg. 234, person # 9274)

Here is tareeq (path) from Al-Sadooq to Ghiyaath bin Ibraaheem: (all narrators are thiqaat)

فطريق الصدوق إليه: أبوه (رضي الله عنه) عن سعد بن عبد الله عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى عن محمد بن إسماعيل بن بزيع عن محمد بن يحيى الخزاز عن غياث بن إبراهيم

Punishment for Talking Against the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم)

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ السَّابَاطِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ بَيْنَ مُسْلِمَيْنِ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ جَحَدَ مُحَمَّداً ص نُبُوَّتَهُ وَ كَذَّبَهُ فَإِنَّ دَمَهُ مُبَاحٌ لِكُلِّ مَنْ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ وَ امْرَأَتَهُ بَائِنَةٌ مِنْهُ يَوْمَ ارْتَدَّ فَلَا تَقْرَبْهُ وَ يُقْسَمُ مَالُهُ عَلَى وَرَثَتِهِ وَ تَعْتَدُّ امْرَأَتُهُ [بَعْدُ] عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ وَ لَا يَسْتَتِيبَهُ

From `Ammaar Al-SaabaaTee said: I hear Abaa `Abd Allaah (عليه السلام) he (عليه السلام) said: “Every Muslim amongst the Muslimeen who apostates from Islaam, and denies Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) prophecy and (call) him (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) a liar. His blood is allowed (to kill) whoever hears that from him. And his wife baa’inah (?) from the day of apostasy, and she should not go near him. And his wealth is divided amongst his heirs and his wife invokes upon herself `iddah of the death of her husband. And it is upon Imaam (leader) that he kills him, and does not ask for repentance”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 7, pg. 257-258, hadeeth # 11

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is SaHeeH (Authentic)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 23, pg. 400

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَمَّنْ شَتَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ يَقْتُلُهُ الْأَدْنَى فَالْأَدْنَى قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَهُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ

From Hishaam bin Saalim from Abee `Abd Allaah (عليه السلام) That he was asked about one who abuses the Messenger of Allaah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) So he (عليه السلام) said: “He is to be killed, for the lowest of the low (rebuke) before he is taken to the Imaam”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 7, pg. 259, hadeeth # 21

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Hasan (Good)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 23, pg. 402

Punishment for Claiming Divinity of the Imaams (عليهم السلام)

Here is a SaHeeH hadeeth taken from Rijaal Al-Kashee, about the infamous `Abd Allaah bin Saba’.

حدثني محمد بن قولويه، قال حدثني سعد بن عبد الله، قال حدثنا يعقوب بن يزيد و محمد بن عيسى، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن هشام بن سالم، قال : سمعت أبا عبد الله (عليه السلام) يقول و هو يحدث أصحابه بحديث عبد الله بن سبإ و ما ادعى من الربوبية في أمير المؤمنين علي بن أبي طالب، فقال إنه لما ادعى ذلك فيه استتابه أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) فأبى أن يتوب فأحرقه بالنار.

From Hishaam bin Saalim said: I heard from Abaa `Abd  Allaah (عليه السلام)  and he said: “And he narrated from his companions the narration of `Abd  Allaah bin Sabaa’ and he called (to people) the lordship/divinity of Ameer Al-Mumineen `Alee bin Abee Taalib (عليه السلام). So he (عليه السلام) said: That Ameer Al-Mu’mineen ordered him to repent, but he refused. Then Ali let him burn in fire."

Source:

1.     Al-Kashee, Rijaal Al-Kashee, pg. 107, hadeeth # 171

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ أَتَى قَوْمٌ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقَالُوا السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَبَّنَا فَاسْتَتَابَهُمْ فَلَمْ يَتُوبُوا فَحَفَرَ لَهُمْ حَفِيرَةً وَ أَوْقَدَ فِيهَا نَاراً وَ حَفَرَ حَفِيرَةً أُخْرَى إِلَى جَانِبِهَا وَ أَفْضَى مَا بَيْنَهُمَا فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَتُوبُوا أَلْقَاهُمْ فِي الْحَفِيرَةِ وَ أَوْقَدَ فِي الْحَفِيرَةِ الْأُخْرَى [نَاراً] حَتَّى مَاتُوا

A group came to Ameer Al-Mu’mineen (عليه السلام), and they said: “Assalaamu `Alayka (Peace be upon you), O our Lord (rabbanaa)! So he asked for their repentance, but they did not repent. So he dug a ditch for them and lit a fire in it and dug a ditch to its other side and conveyed between them. So when they did not repent he threw them in the ditch and lit in the other ditch until they died.

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 7, pg. 258-259, hadeeth # 18

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Hasan (Good)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 23, pg. 401

Punishment for Declaring to be a Prophet

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ بَزِيعاً يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ فَقَالَ إِنْ سَمِعْتَهُ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ فَاقْتُلْهُ قَالَ فَجَلَسْتُ لَهُ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ فَلَمْ يُمْكِنِّي ذَلِكَ

From Ibn Abee Ya`foor said: I said to Abee `Abd Allaah (عليه السلام) that Bazee` calims that he is a Prophet. So he (عليه السلام) said: “If you hear him saying that you (must) kill him”. He (the narrator) said: “I sat (with Bazee’) another time, and he (made it) impossible for that (killing him)”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 7, pg. 259, hadeeth # 22

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Muwaththaq Kal-SaHeeH (Reliable like an Authentic)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 23, pg. 403

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ بَزِيعاً يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ فَقَالَ إِنْ سَمِعْتَهُ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ فَاقْتُلْهُ قَالَ فَجَلَسْتُ لَهُ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ فَلَمْ يُمْكِنِّي ذَلِكَ

From Ibn Abee Ya`foor said: I said to Abee `Abd Allaah (عليه السلام) that Bazee` calims that he is a Prophet. So he (عليه السلام) said: “If you hear him saying that you (must) kill him”. He (the narrator) said: “I sat (with Bazee’) another time, and he (made it) impossible for that (killing him)”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 7, pg. 258, hadeeth # 13

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Majhool (Unknown)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 23, pg. 401

Unfortunately, I do not have a clue to why Al-Majlisi has graded this hadeeth Majhool, when this is the same hadeeth that I have narrated previously. Both hadeeth have the same isnaad (chain of narrators) and the same matn (content). So I do not know his reasoning behind this grade. Based off of the previous grading, this hadeeth should actually be graded as Muwaththaq Kal-SaHeeH (Reliable like an Authentic)

Punishment for Intentionally Breaking Your Fast for Three Days

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ مَنْ أُخِذَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ أَفْطَرَ فَرُفِعَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ يُقْتَلُ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ

“Whoever is caught in the month of RamaDaan and he is breaking (his fast), he is taken to the Imaam, and he is killed in the third (offense)”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 7, pg. 258, hadeeth # 12

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Muwaththaq (Reliable)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 23, pg. 401

I do not understand why Al-Majlisi has graded this hadeeth as Muwaththaq (Reliable), since all of the narrators in the chains are thiqaat (pl. thiqah) and a 12’er Shee`ah. This hadeeth should be graded as SaHeeH.

ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ قَالَ سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ شُهُودٌ أَنَّهُ أَفْطَرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَقَالَ يُسْأَلُ هَلْ عَلَيْكَ فِي إِفْطَارِكَ إِثْمٌ فَإِنْ قَالَ لَا فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ وَ إِنْ هُوَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَنْهَكَهُ ضَرْباً

From Burayd Al-`Ijlee said: Aboo Ja`far (عليه السلام) was asked about a man who witnesses upon him (say) they witness that he broke (his fast) from the Month of RamaDaan three days. So he (عليه السلام) said: “Ask him: ‘Do you (belief) that breaking (your fast) is a sin?’ And if he says: “No”. It is upon the Imaam (leader) that he kills him, and if he says “Yes”, then it is upon the Imaam that he strikes him hard (?)”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 7, pg. 259, hadeeth # 20

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Hasan (Good)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 23, pg. 402

Hadeeth is Da`eef (weak) - Names of Prophets and their Successors (عليهم السلام)

I wanted to make a separate post on the hadeeth that is on the blog titled "Names of Prophets and Their Successors". My initial look at the hadeeth and the matn was that, yes there was a majhool narrator, but I didn’t see other problems in the isnaad. After a brother brought it to my attention, and after more research, this hadeeth has to be classed as being da`eef. I will provide the reasoning to this grading, inshaa’Allaah.

This hadeeth is da`eef (weak) for many reasons.

                               1.)    Muqaatil bin Sulaymaan is majhool (unknown)

                               2.)   This hadeeth is Mursal (disconnected)

1.)    Muqaatil bin Sulaymaan is Majhool meaning that there is no clear-cut tawtheeq (authentification) for him. The only thing that is said about Muqaatil bin Sulaymaan from Shee`ah Rijaal books is that he was either a Zaydee Batriyyah (See: Rijaal Al-Toosi, pg. 146; Al-Kashee's Rijaal, pg. 390; Al-Khoei's Mu`jam, vol. 18, pg. 311, person # 12603) or an `Aamee (Sunni) (See: Rijaal Al-Barqee, pg. 46)

2.)   This hadeeth is mursal (disconnected) because Al-Hasan bin MaHboob is saying that he got this hadeeth DIRECTLY from Muqaatil bin Sulaymaan. This is very problematic, as you will see.

Muqaatil bin Sulaymaan died in the year 150:

مات سنة خمسين ومائة
“He died in the year 150”
Source:

1.       Ibn Hajr, Taqreeb Al-Tahdheeb, pg. 545, person # 6868

أن مقاتلا مات في سنة خمسين ومئة
“That Muqaatil died in the year 150”

Source:

1.       Al-Mizzee, Tahdheeb Al-Kamaal, vol. 28, pg. 450, person # 6161

Al-Hasan bin MaHboob died in the year 224 and was 75 years old:

و مات الحسن بن محبوب في آخر سنة أربع و عشرين و مائتين و كان من أبناء خمس و سبعين سنة
“And Al-Hasan bin MaHboob died in the end of the year 224, and was 75 years old.”

Source:

1.       Al-Kashee, Ikhtiyaar Ma`aarifah Al-Rijaal, pg. 585, # 1094

مات سنة أربع و عشرين و مائتين عن خمس و سبعين سنة

“He died in the year 224 and was 75 years old”

Source:

1.       Ibn Dawood , Rijaal, pg. 116, person # 449

مات سنة أربع و عشرين و مائتين 
“He died in the year 224”

Source:

1.       Ibn Dawood , Rijaal, pg. 116, person # 449

2.      Al-Hillee, Al-KhulaaSah, pg. 37, person # 1

If Al-Hasan bin MaHboob died 75 years old in the year 224, this means that he was born in the year 149. While, Muqaatil bin Sulayman died in the year 150. If this is true, then Al-Hasan bin MaHboob got this narration while he was one year old, an infant, which is impossible. By the methodologies of science of hadeeth, this will make the hadeeth mursal (disconnected), because there has to be a waasiTa (middle man) in between Muqaatil bin Sulaymaan and Al-Hasan bin MaHboob.

Since Muqaatil bin Sulaymaan is already majhool (unknown) and now we have this big question mark as to who is in between Muqaatil and Al-Hasan bin MaHboob, this puts the hadeeth into some major problem, making the hadeeth really da`eef  (weak). The person in between Muqaatil and Ibn MaHboob can be anyone, which is a reason why we must desist in taking any sort of beliefs or acting upon this narration.

May Allaah forgive me for narrating  and relying on this weak hadeeth. Aameen.

Punishment for Delaying Hajj Every Year While Having Money

Here is a Hasan (Good) hadeeth, taken as a SaHeeH (Authentic) hadeeth that talk about a business man who is wealthy and delays perform hajj every year, and he is capable of performing hajj.

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ الرَّجُلَ التَّاجِرَ ذَا الْمَالِ حِينَ يُسَوِّفُ الْحَجَّ كُلَّ عَامٍ وَ لَيْسَ يَشْغَلُهُ عَنْهُ إِلَّا التِّجَارَةُ أَوِ الدَّيْنُ فَقَالَ لَا عُذْرَ لَهُ يُسَوِّفُ الْحَجَّ إِنْ مَاتَ وَ قَدْ تَرَكَ الْحَجَّ فَقَدْ تَرَكَ شَرِيعَةً مِنْ شَرَائِعِ الْإِسْلَامِ

From Al-Halabee from Abee `Abd Allaah (عليه السلام) said: I said to him, “What do you view a business man who has money when he delays in (performing) Hajj ever year, and nothing occupies (prevents) him from it (Hajj) except business or debt?” He (عليه السلام) said: “No excuse for him. He must not delay Hajj. If he dies and abandons hajj (every year) he has abandoned one of the laws from the laws of Islaam”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 4, pg. 269, hadeeth # 4

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Hasan (Good)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 17, pg. 151

Punishment for Not Performing Hajj

Here are some authentic aHaadeeth that talk punishment you will receive if you do not perform Hajj at least once in your life if you had the ability to perform hajj.

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ ذَرِيحٍ الْمُحَارِبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَحُجَّ حَجَّةَ الْإِسْلَامِ لَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَاجَةٌ تُجْحِفُ بِهِ أَوْ مَرَضٌ لَا يُطِيقُ فِيهِ الْحَجَّ أَوْ سُلْطَانٌ يَمْنَعُهُ فَلْيَمُتْ- يَهُودِيّاً أَوْ نَصْرَانِيّاً

From DhareeH Al-MuHaaribee from Abee `Abd Allaah (عليه السلام) said: “Whoever dies and has not performed Hajjah Al-Islaam (i.e. first hajj) when nothing prevents him from that objective (such as) poverty, illness that he cannot endure (performing) the hajj, or a ruler forbidding him (from going), he will die a Jew or Christian.”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 4, pg. 268, hadeeth # 1

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is SaHeeH (Authentic)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 17, pg. 149

Same hadeeth through a different chain of narrators:

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ النَّهْدِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ ذَرِيحٍ الْمُحَارِبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَحُجَّ حَجَّةَ الْإِسْلَامِ لَمْ تَمْنَعْهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَاجَةٌ تُجْحِفُ بِهِ أَوْ مَرَضٌ لَا يُطِيقُ فِيهِ الْحَجَّ أَوْ سُلْطَانٌ يَمْنَعُهُ فَلْيَمُتْ- يَهُودِيّاً أَوْ نَصْرَانِيّاً

From DhareeH Al-MuHaaribee from Abee `Abd Allaah (عليه السلام) said: “Whoever dies and has not performed Hajjah Al-Islaam (i.e. first hajj) when nothing prevents him from that objective (such as) poverty, illness that he cannot endure (performing) the hajj, or a ruler forbidding him (from going), he will die a Jew or Christian.”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 4, pg. 268, hadeeth # 5

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Muwaththaq (Reliable)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 17, pg. 151

حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمِيثَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ مَنْ مَاتَ وَ هُوَ صَحِيحٌ مُوسِرٌ لَمْ يَحُجَّ فَهُوَ مِمَّنْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ نَحْشُرُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ أَعْمى‏ قَالَ قُلْتُ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ أَعْمَى قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَعْمَاهُ عَنْ طَرِيقِ الْحَقِّ

From Abee BaSeer said that I heard Abaa `Abd Allaah (عليه السلام) he said: “Whoever dies and he has good wealth and has not (performed) hajj, he is from those who Allaah (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) said: “We will on the Day of Judgment raise him blind” (22:124). He said that I said: ‘SubHaanallaah! Blind?’ He (عليه السلام) said: ‘Yes. Allaah (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) will (make) him blind from the TRUE path”

Source:

1.     Al-Kulayni, Al-Kaafi, vol. 4, pg. 268, hadeeth # 6

Grading:

1.       Al-Majlisi said this hadeeth is Muwaththaq (Reliable)
à Mir’aat Al-`Uqool, vol. 17, pg. 151

Those Who Followed Imam Ali on the Day of Judgment

Here is a Muwaththaq (reliable) hadeeth that talks about the great status of Imaam `Alee (عليه السلام). This also talks about what will happen to those who had followed him (عليه السلام), and those who followed others.

قال حدثنا أبو جعفر محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن بابويه رحمه الله قال حدثني أبي قال حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله عن أيوب بن نوح عن صفوان بن يحيى عن أبان بن عثمان عن أبي عبد الله جعفر بن محمد ع

قال إذا كان يوم القيامة نادى مناد من بطنان العرش أين خليفة الله في أرضه فيقوم داود النبي ع فيأتي النداء من عند الله عز و جل لسنا إياك أردنا و إن كنت لله خليفة ثم ينادي ثانية أين خليفة الله في أرضه فيقوم أمير المؤمنين علي بن أبي طالب ع فيأتي النداء من قبل الله عز و جل يا معشر الخلائق هذا علي بن أبي طالب خليفة الله في أرضه و حجته على عباده فمن تعلق بحبله في دار الدنيا فليتعلق بحبله في هذا اليوم ليستضي‏ء بنوره و ليتبعه إلى الدرجات العلى من الجنان قال فيقوم أناس قد تعلقوا بحبله في الدنيا فيتبعونه إلى الجنة ثم يأتي النداء من عند الله جل جلاله ألا من ائتم بإمام في دار الدنيا فليتبعه إلى حيث شاء و يذهب به فحينئذ« تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُواْ مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُواْ وَرَأَوُاْ الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الأَسْبَابُ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُواْ لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّؤُواْ مِنَّا كَذَلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ حَسَرَاتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا هُم بِخَارِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ»

From Abee `Abd Allaah Ja`far bin Muhammad (عليه السلام): “On the Day of Judgment, a caller will call from inside the `Arsh (throne): "Where is the Khaleefah of Allah on His earth?" So Dawood, the Prophet (عليه السلام) will stand up. And a voice from Allaah (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) will say: “We did not mean you, even though you are a khaleefah*”. Then he (the caller) will call again, “Where is the Khaleefah of Allaah on His earth?” Then Ameer Al-Mu’mineen `Alee bn Abee Taalib (عليه السلام) will stand up. Then a call by Allaah (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) will come: “O gathering of creations, this is `Alee bin Abee Taalib, khaleefah of Allaah on His earth, and His hujjah (proof) upon His servants, so whoever hung on to His rope (`Alee)  in this life, so hang on to His rope in this day. Illiminate with his light, and follow him to the highest stages (darajaat) of jannah. He (عليه السلام) said: So a group of people who followed His rope (`Alee) in this world will follow him to Jannah. Then a call from Allaah (جل جلاله) will come “O those who following a leader (imaam) while living in this world, following him to wherever he goes, and go with him at that time” « those that were followed disown their followers, and they see the chastisement, and their cords are cut asunder (166) And those who followed say: ‘If only we might return (to the world) and disown them, as they have disowned us.’ Thus does Allaah show them their deeds in a manner that will cause them bitter regrets. Never will they come out of the Fire. (167) »” [Surah Al-Baqarah (2) : 166-167]

*Allaah (سبحانه و تعالى) makes Prophet Dawood (عليه السلام) a Khaleefah on earth in the Qur’aan:
يَا دَاوُودُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ “O Dawood, indeed we have made you a khaleefah on the earth” (38:26)

Source:

1.     Al-Mufeed, Al-Amaalee, Majlis # 34, pg. 285, hadeeth # 3

2.     Al-Toosee, Al-Amaalee, Majlis # 4, pg. 99, hadeeth # 7 (in majlis) & # 153 (in book)

Method of Istikhara

Here is a Muwaththaq (Reliable) hadeeth regarding the method of doing istikhaarah (seeking the best from Allaah) that was practiced by our Imaams (عليه السلام). This method is simple compared to other methods.

(Taken from my personal copy of Al-Barqee’s Al-MaHaasin, vol. 2, pg. 433, hadeeth # 8)

(Click to enlarge)

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَرْقِيُّ فِي الْمَحَاسِنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ الْأَحْمَرِ عَنْ شِهَابِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ كَانَ أَبِي إِذَا أَرَادَ الِاسْتِخَارَةَ فِي الْأَمْرِ تَوَضَّأَ وَ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْخَادِمَةُ لَتُكَلِّمُهُ فَيَقُولُ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ

From Shihaab bin `Abd Rabihi from Abee `Abd Allaah (عليه السلام): “When my dad (Al-Baaqir (عليه السلام)) wanted to do istikhaarah about an affair, he would do wuDoo’ and pray two rakka`ah salaah, and if the housemaid (started to) talk to him. He said: “SubHaanallaah”. And he did not speak (reply) until he finished.”

Source:

1.     Al-Barqee, Al-MaHaasin, vol. 2, ch. 1 – Chapter of Istikhaarah, pg. 599, hadeeth # 8

2.     Al-`Aamilee, Wasaa’il Al-Shee`ah, vol. 8, pg. 66, hadeeth # 10100

Names of Prophets and their Successors (عليهم السلام) - Hadeeth is Da`eef (weak)

Here is a hadeeth that lists the names of the Prophets (عليهم السلام) and their successors (عليهم السلام). This hadeeth is da`eef (weak) per isnaad not only because there is a majhool narrator (Muqaatil bin Sulaymaan), but because the Hadeeth is mursal (disconnected), the rest of the narrators in the chain are thiqaat (pl. thiqah).

NOTE: I have attempted to transliterate the names of Prophets (عليهم السلام) as best as I can, as these names do not have the harakas, so the spelling is not official.

(Taken from my personal copy of Al-Sadooq’s Amaalee, Majlis #63, pg. 293-294, h# 3)

(Click to enlarge)

حدثنا محمد بن موسى بن المتوكل ره قال حدثنا عبد الله بن جعفر الحميري قال حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى عن الحسن بن محبوب عن مقاتل بن سليمان عن أبي عبد الله الصادق ع

 قال قال رسول الله ص أنا سيد النبيين و وصيي سيد الوصيين و أوصيائي سادة الأوصياء

إن آدم ع سأل الله عز و جل أن يجعل له وصيا صالحا فأوحى الله عز و جل إليه أني أكرمت الأنبياء بالنبوة ثم اخترت خلقي و جعلت خيارهم الأوصياء ثم أوحى الله عز و جل إليه يا آدم أوص إلى شيث فأوصى آدم إلى شيث

و هو هبة الله بن آدم و أوصى شيث إلى ابنه شبان و هو ابن نزلة الحوراء التي أنزلها الله على آدم من الجنة فزوجها ابنه شيثا

و أوصى شبان إلى مجلث

و أوصى مجلث إلى محوق

و أوصى محوق إلى غثميشا [عثميشا]

و أوصى غثميشا إلى أخنوخ و هو إدريس النبي ع

و أوصى إدريس إلى ناحور

و دفعها ناحور إلى نوح النبي ع

و أوصى نوح إلى سام

و أوصى سام إلى عثامر

و أوصى عثامر إلى برعيثاشا [برعيثاثا]

و أوصى برعيثاشا إلى يافث

و أوصى يافث إلى برة

و أوصى برة إلى جفسية [جفيسة]

و أوصى جفسية إلى عمران

و دفعها عمران إلى إبراهيم خليل الرحمن ع

و أوصى إبراهيم إلى ابنه إسماعيل

و أوصى إسماعيل إلى إسحاق

و أوصى إسحاق إلى يعقوب

و أوصى يعقوب إلى يوسف

و أوصى يوسف إلى بثرياء

و أوصى بثرياء إلى شعيب ع

و دفعها شعيب إلى موسى بن عمران

و أوصى موسى بن عمران إلى يوشع بن نون

و أوصى يوشع بن نون إلى داود ع

و أوصى داود ع إلى سليمان

و أوصى سليمان إلى آصف بن برخيا

و أوصى آصف بن برخيا إلى زكريا

و دفعها زكريا إلى عيسى ابن مريم

و أوصى عيسى إلى شمعون بن حمون الصفا

و أوصى شمعون إلى يحيى بن زكريا

و أوصى يحيى بن زكريا إلى منذر

و أوصى منذر إلى سليمة

و أوصى سليمة إلى بردة

ثم قال رسول الله ص و دفعها إلي بردة و أنا أدفعها إليك يا علي و أنت تدفعها إلى وصيك و يدفعها وصيك إلى أوصيائك من ولدك واحدا بعد واحد حتى يدفع إلى خير أهل الأرض بعدك و لتكفرن بك الأمة و لتختلفن عليك اختلافا شديدا الثابت عليك كالمقيم معي و الشاذ عنك في النار و النار مثوى للكافرين

From Abee `Abd Allaah Al-Saadiq (عليه السلام) said the Messenger of Allaah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) said:

 “I am the master of the prophets; my successors is the master of successors; and his successors are the masters of the successors.

That Adam asked Allaah (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) to make for him a righteous successor so Allaah (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) revealed to him, “I honored the prophets with prophethood, and I chose the best of my creations as their successors. O Adam! Make Sheeth your successor. So he appointed Sheeth as his successor.

And Sheeth was a gift from Allaah (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ), and Sheeth appointed his son Shabbaan as his successor. He (Shabbaan) is from the descent of a Hooree that Allaah (عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ) sent to Adam from Jannah (heaven) and he married her to his son, Sheeth.

And Shabbaat appointed Mujallath as his successor;
And Mujallath appointed Mahqooq as his successor;
And Mahqooq appointed Ghuthmayshaa [`Uthmayshaa] as his successor;
And Ghuthmayshaa appointed Akhnookh, and he is the Prophet Idrees (عليه السلام) as his successor;
And Idrees appointed NaaHoor as his successor;
And NaaHoor paid (appointed) Prophet NooH (عليه السلام) as his successor;
And NooH appointed Saam as his successor;
And Saam appointed `Athaamir as his successor;
And `Athaamir appointed Bar`aythaashaa [Bar`aythaathaa] as his successor;
And Bar`aythaashaa [Bar`aythaatha] appointed Yaafith as his successor;
And Yaafith appointed Barrah as his successor;
And Barrah appointed Jafasayyah [Jafeesah] as his successor;
And Jafasayyah [Jafeesah] appointed `Imraan as his successor;
And `Imraan paid (appointed) Ibraaheem Khaleel of Allaah (عليه السلام) as his successor;
And Ibraaheem appointed Ismaa`eel as his successor;
And Ismaa`eel appointed IsHaaq as his successor;
And IsHaaq appointed Ya`qoob as his successor;
And Ya`qoob appointed Yoosuf as his successor;
And Yoosuf appointed Bathariyyaa’ as his successor;
And Bathariyyaa’ appointed Shu`ayb as his successor;
And Shu`ayb paid (appointed) Moosa bin `Imraan (عليه السلام) as his successor;
And Moosa bin `Imraan (عليه السلام) appointed Yoosha` bin Noon as his successor;
And Yoosha` bin Noon appointed Dawood as his successor;
And Dawood appointed Sulaymaan as his successor;
And Sulaymaan appointed AaSif bin Barkhiyyah as his successor;
And AaSif bin Barkhiyyah appointed Zakariyyah as his successor;
And Zakariyyah paid (appointed) `Eesa bin Maryam (عليه السلام) as his successor;
And `Eesa bin Maryam (عليه السلام) appointed Sham`oon bin Hamoon Al-Saffaa as his successor;
And Sham`oon appointed YaHya bin Zakariyyah as his successor;
and YaHya bin Zakariyyah appointed Mundhir as his succesor
And Mundhir appointed Sulaymah as his successor;
And Sulaymah appointed Bardah as his successor;

Then the messenger of Allaah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) said: “And I was appointed by Bardah. O `Alee, and I will appoint you. And you will appoint the successors after you from your sons and they will appoint their sons one after another until it gets to the best of the people of earth after you. And the ummah will disbelieve in you, and there will be differences about you, great differences. (Those who) stay firm with you will reside with me (in heaven), and the odd (other people) from you will be in the fire, and the fire is for the disbelievers.”

Source:

1.     Al-Sadooq, Man Laa YaHDuruh Al-Faqeeh, vol. 4, pg. 174 – 175, hadeeth # 5404

2.     Al-Sadooq, Al-Amaalee, Majlis # 63, pg. 402 – 404, hadeeth # 3

3.     Al-Sadooq, Kamaal Al-Deen, vol. 1, ch. 22, pg. 211 – 213, hadeeth # 1

In Al-Sadooq’s book Kamaal Al-Deen, this hadeeth goes through a different isnaad at the beginning, through many more narrators all of whom are thiqaat. 

حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد رضي الله عنه قال حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار و سعد بن عبد الله و عبد الله بن جعفر الحميري جميعا قالوا حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى و محمد بن الحسين بن أبي الخطاب و الهيثم بن أبي مسروق النهدي و إبراهيم بن هاشم عن الحسن بن محبوب السراد عن مقاتل بن سليمان عن أبي عبد الله ع قال قال رسول الله ص