Tashahhud and Taslim

Here is a blog post by IslamicSalvation, which can be found here:

باب التشهد في الركعتين الاولتين والرابعة والتسليم

Chapter on the Tashahud in the first two and the fourth and the Taslim

محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن علي بن النعمان، عن داود بن فرقد، عن يعقوب بن شعيب قال: قلت لابي عبدالله (عليه السلام): أقرا في التشهد: ما طاب فلله وما خبث فلغيره؟ فقال: هكذا كان يقول علي (عليه السلام) (صحيح)

Muhammad bin Yahya from Ahmad bin Muhammad from Ali bin Numan from Dawud bin Farqad from Yaqub bin Shuayb who said : I said to Abi Abdillah (a.s) : do I say in the Tashahud – “whatever is pure, it is for (or from) Him (s.w.t), and whatever is impure, it is for (from) other than Him”?, so He (a.s) said : this is what Ali (a.s) used to say (in Tashahud). (Sahih)

NOTE : This shows the Istihbab of saying - ما طاب فلله وما خبث فلغيره in the Tashahud, and it means that - all that is pure then its origin is Allah, and that impurity is always from other than Him, OR one can read it as - what is pure shall ascend and be accepted by Him and what is impure shall be rejected by Him.

علي بن إبراهيم، عن أبيه، عن ابن أبي عمير، عن حفص بن البختري، عن أبي عبدالله (عليه السلام) قال: ينبغي للامام أن يسمع من خلفه التشهد ولا يسمعونه هم شيئا (حسن)

Ali bin Ibrahim from his father (Ibrahim bin Hashim) from Ibn Abi Umayr from Hafs bin al-Bukhtariy from Abi Abdillah (a.s) who said : It is incumbent upon the imam (of prayer) to be heard from behind him (while reciting) the Tashahud, and they (those behind him) do not make him hear anything (i.e from their individual recitations of the Tashahud). (Hasan)

NOTE : This Hadith is the one that compels the imam to recite the Tashahud in any prayer loudly, to make it heard for those behind him, and it also indicates that one behind the imam can make his own Tashahud as long as he does not raise his voice (i.e the imam should not hear the voice of the Tashahud being recited behind him from the followers).

محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن فضالة بن أيوب عن الحسين بن عثمان، عن ابن مسكان، عن الحلبي قال: قال لي أبوعبدالله (عليه السلام): كلما ذكرت الله به والنبي (صلى الله عليه وآله) فهو من الصلاة وإن قلت: السلام علينا وعلى عباد الله الصالحين فقد انصرفت (صحيح)

Muhammad bin Yahya from Ahmad bin Muhammad from Husayn bin Said from Fadhala bin Ayub from Husayn bin Uthman from Ibn Muskan from al-Halabiy who said : Abu Abdillah (a.s) said to me : whatever you (recite) in remembrance of Allah and the prophet (in the prayer) - then it is a part of your prayer (i.e you are still in the prayer), and once (the moment) you say - ‘Assalamu Alayna Wa Ala Ibadillahi as-Saliheen’ (peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah) then you have left (the prayer – completed it). (Sahih)

NOTE : The meaning is that this clause (since it is a remembrance of oneself and the rest of the believers without direct reference to Allah or the prophet) is the clause that removes one from the Salat, most ulama have given Takhyir between it and saying Assalamu Alaykum Wa Rahmatullah (peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah) for finishing or ending the Salat.

محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن عثمان بن عيسى، عن سماعة، عن أبي عبدالله (عليه السلام) قال: إذا انصرفت من الصلاة فانصرف عن يمينك (موثق)

Muhammad bin Yahya from Ahmad bin Muhammad from Uthman bin Isa from Sam’ah (bin Mihran) from Abi Abdillah (a.s) who said : When you depart from prayer (completed it), then depart from your right (when walking away after it). (Muwathaq)

NOTE : Regardless of al-Kulayni placing it in this chapter, and what that means about how he understood the meaning of this narration, I have translated it more literally, in a way that agrees with how  Shaykh Saduq understood it, since he has taken the Hadith to mean - the direction in which one walks away from, after he completes the Salat is one that is towards the right hand side, and this is the Madhab in that one should go in the direction in which he has a need to attend to, but if one is free from a particular need, and both directions are same to him, then without doubt moving towards the right is the Sunnah.

محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن الحسين بن سعيد، عن فضالة بن أيوب عن الحسين بن عثمان ، عن ابن مسكان، عن أبي بصير قال:  قال أبوعبدالله (عليه السلام): إذا كنت في صف فسلم تسليمة عن يمينك وتسليمة عن يسارك لان عن يسارك من يسلم عليك وإذا كنت إماما فسلم تسليمة وأنت مستقبل القبلة (صحيح)

Muhammad bin Yahya from Ahmad bin Muhammad from Husayn bin Said from Fadhala bin Ayub from Husayn bin Uthman from Ibn Muskan from Abi Basir who said : Abu Abdillah (a.s) said : if you are in a line (behind the imam) so make a Taslim to your right, and also a Taslim to your left, because on your left there is one who is making Salaam to you, and if you are the imam then make a Taslim while facing the Qibla. (Sahih)

محمد بن يحيى، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن حماد بن عيسى، عن حريز، عن محمد بن مسلم قال: قال أبوعبدالله (عليه السلام): إذا جلست في الركعتين الاولتين فتشهدت ثم قمت فقل:" بحول الله وقوته أقوم وأقعد " (صحيح)

Muhammad bin Yahya from Ahmad bin Muhammad from Hammad bin Isa from Hariz (bin Abdillah) from Muhammad bin Muslim who said : Abu Abdillah (a.s) said : when you sit in the first two Rakaat, and make the Tashahud then stand, so say (while in motion of standing) “By the will of Allah and His power/might do I stand and sit”. (Sahih)

NOTE : The two previous Ahadith are clear in the Istihbab of saying “Bi Hawlillahi Wa Quwatihi Akumu wa Akuud”, as has been the practice of the Madhab.